{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:19:07Z","timestamp":1767183547704,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Walking remains a highly recommended form of exercise for the management of obesity. Thus, comfortable and adequate shoes represent, together with the prescription of a safe adapted physical activity, an important means to achieve the recommended physical activity target volume. However, the literature on shoes specific for obese individuals is inadequate. The aim of the present study was to compare the performance of shoes specifically designed for subjects with obesity with everyday sneakers during instrumented 6-min walking test and outdoor 30-min ambulation in a group of subjects with obesity using a single wearable device. Twenty-three obese individuals (mean age 58.96 years) were recruited and classified into two groups: deconditioned (n = 13) and non-deconditioned patients (n = 10). Each participant was evaluated with his\/her daily sneakers and the day after with shoes specifically designed for people with obesity by means of a questionnaire related to the comfort related to each model of shoes and instrumentally during the i6MWT and an outdoor walking test. The results showed that the specifically designed shoes displayed the higher score as for comfort, in particular in the deconditioned group. During the i6MWT, the distance walked, and step length significantly increased in the deconditioned group when specifically designed shoes were worn; no significant changes were observed in the non-deconditioned individuals. The deconditioned group displayed longer step length during the outdoor 30-min ambulation test. In the non-deconditioned group, the use of specific shoes correlated to better performance in terms of gait speed and cadence. These data, although preliminary, seem to support the hypothesis that shoes specifically conceived and designed for counteracting some of the known functional limitations in subjects with obesity allow for a smoother, more stable and possibly less fatiguing gait schema over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T22:51:06Z","timestamp":1642719066000},"page":"782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Comparative Analysis of Shoes Designed for Subjects with Obesity Using a Single Inertial Sensor: Preliminary Results"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6299-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Cimolin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milan, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9159-5510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Gobbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Lab for Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, via Cadorna 90, 28824 Piancavallo di Oggebbio, Italy"}]},{"given":"Camillo","family":"Buratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podartis SRL, via Erizzo 123\/c, 31035 Piancavallo, Italy"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Podartis SRL, via Erizzo 123\/c, 31035 Piancavallo, Italy"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fumagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Lab for Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, via Cadorna 90, 28824 Piancavallo di Oggebbio, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milan, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3719-8789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Capodaglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Research Lab for Biomechanics, Rehabilitation and Ergonomics, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, via Cadorna 90, 28824 Piancavallo di Oggebbio, Italy"},{"name":"Department Surgical Sciences, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-012-0019-6","article-title":"Functional Task Limitations in Obese Adults","volume":"1","author":"Gilleard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.02.004","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Gait Analysis of Obese Adults","volume":"23","author":"Lai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech. (Bristol, Avon)"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00916.x","article-title":"A Systematic Review on Changed Biomechanics of Lower Extremities in Obese Individuals: A Possible Role in Development of Osteoarthritis","volume":"12","author":"Runhaar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Capodaglio, P., Gobbi, M., Donno, L., Fumagalli, A., Buratto, C., Galli, M., and Cimolin, V. (2021). Effect of Obesity on Knee and Ankle Biomechanics during Walking. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217114"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"9","article-title":"Trends in Weight Change among Canadian Adults","volume":"18","author":"Orpana","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1381\/096089205774512627","article-title":"Gait Cinematic Analysis in Morbidly Obese Patients","volume":"15","author":"Faintuch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2014.01.005","article-title":"Influence of Pressure-Relief Insoles Developed for Loaded Gait (Backpackers and Obese People) on Plantar Pressure Distribution and Ground Reaction Forces","volume":"45","author":"Abreu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22248","article-title":"Lateral Wedges Alter Mediolateral Load Distributions at the Knee Joint in Obese Individuals: KNEE JOINT IN OBESE INDIVIDUALS","volume":"31","author":"Russell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.7547\/16-161","article-title":"Effect of 4 Weeks of Foot Orthosis Intervention on Ambulatory Capacities and Posture in Normal-Weight and Obese Patients","volume":"110","author":"Griffon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Storm, F.A., Cesareo, A., Reni, G., and Biffi, E. (2020). Wearable Inertial Sensors to Assess Gait during the 6-Minute Walk Test: A Systematic Review. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20092660"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.3390\/s140203362","article-title":"Gait Analysis Methods: An Overview of Wearable and Non-Wearable Systems, Highlighting Clinical Applications","volume":"14","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Revised European Consensus on Definition and Diagnosis","volume":"48","author":"Bahat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.10.007","article-title":"Clinical Assessment of Gait in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis Using Wearable Inertial Sensors: Comparison with Patient-Based Measure","volume":"10","author":"Pau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2018.06.009","article-title":"Gait Evaluation Using Inertial Measurement Units in Subjects with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"42","author":"Zago","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cimolin, V., Cau, N., Sartorio, A., Capodaglio, P., Galli, M., Tringali, G., Leban, B., Porta, M., and Pau, M. (2019). Symmetry of Gait in Underweight, Normal and Overweight Children and Adolescents. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092054"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schifino, G., Cimolin, V., Pau, M., da Cunha, M.J., Leban, B., Porta, M., Galli, M., and Souza Pagnussat, A. (2021). Functional Electrical Stimulation for Foot Drop in Post-Stroke People: Quantitative Effects on Step-to-Step Symmetry of Gait Using a Wearable Inertial Sensor. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030921"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pau, M., Mulas, I., Putzu, V., Asoni, G., Viale, D., Mameli, I., Leban, B., and Allali, G. (2020). Smoothness of Gait in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Individuals: A Study on Italian Elderly Using Wearable Inertial Sensor. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123577"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories (2002). ATS Statement: Guidelines for the Six-Minute Walk Test. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 166, 111\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2005.12.006","article-title":"Accelerometry Based Assessment of Gait Parameters in Children","volume":"24","author":"Brandes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2012.02.003","article-title":"Estimation of Spatial-Temporal Gait Parameters in Level Walking Based on a Single Accelerometer: Validation on Normal Subjects by Standard Gait Analysis","volume":"108","author":"Benedetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/3\/782\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:04:41Z","timestamp":1760133881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/3\/782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s22030782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22030782","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]}}}