{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:16:28Z","timestamp":1767651388932,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1F1A1072428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1072428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Automotive forward collision warning (FCW) systems based on radar sensors attracted widespread attention in recent years. To achieve a reliable FCW, it is essential to accurately estimate the position and velocity of a preceding vehicle. To this end, this study proposed a novel estimation algorithm, which is a hybrid of interacting multiple model probabilistic data association (IMM-PDA) and finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Although the IMM-PDA filter is one of the most successful algorithm for tracking a maneuvering target in clutters, it sometimes exhibits divergence owing to modeling errors. In this study, the divergent IMM-PDA filter in the novel algorithm was reset and recovered using an assisting FIR filter. Consequently, this enabled reliable estimation for FCW. The improved reliability of the proposed algorithm was demonstrated through the simulation of preceding vehicle tracking using automotive radars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T21:07:11Z","timestamp":1643144831000},"page":"875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hybrid Interacting Multiple Model Filtering for Improving the Reliability of Radar-Based Forward Collision Warning Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4219-219X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Min","family":"Pak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-Daero, Iksan 54538, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M.Q., and Lee, S. 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