{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T21:44:06Z","timestamp":1772142246180,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bilateral Filtering (BF) is an effective edge-preserving smoothing technique in image processing. However, an inherent problem of BF for image denoising is that it is challenging to differentiate image noise and details with the range kernel, thus often preserving both noise and edges in denoising. This letter proposes a novel Dual-Histogram BF (DHBF) method that exploits an edge-preserving noise-reduced guidance image to compute the range kernel, removing isolated noisy pixels for better denoising results. Furthermore, we approximate the spatial kernel using mean filtering based on column histogram construction to achieve constant-time filtering regardless of the kernel radius\u2019 size and achieve better smoothing. Experimental results on multiple benchmark datasets for denoising show that the proposed DHBF outperforms other state-of-the-art BF methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T21:07:11Z","timestamp":1643144831000},"page":"926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Fast Two-Stage Bilateral Filter Using Constant Time O(1) Histogram Generation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Wei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei City 11605, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei City 11605, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3802-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan-Tsung","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei City 11605, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2012.2208976","article-title":"Shadow removal using bilateral filtering","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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