{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T08:53:00Z","timestamp":1780995180958,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Faults in distribution networks occur unpredictably, causing a threat to public safety and resulting in power outages. Automated, efficient, and precise detection of faulty sections could be a major element in immediately restoring networks and avoiding further financial losses. Distributed generations (DGs) are used in smart distribution networks and have varied current levels and internal impedances. However, fault characteristics are completely unknown because of their stochastic nature. Therefore, in these circumstances, locating the fault might be difficult. However, as technology advances, micro-phasor measurement units (micro-PMU) are becoming more extensively employed in smart distribution networks, and might be a useful tool for reducing protection uncertainties. In this paper, a new machine learning-based fault location method is proposed for use regardless of fault characteristics and DG performance using recorded data of micro-PMUs during a fault. This method only uses the recorded voltage at the sub-station and DGs. The frequency component of the voltage signals is selected as a feature vector. The neighborhood component feature selection (NCFS) algorithm is utilized to extract more informative features and lower the feature vector dimension. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is then applied to the decreased dimension training data. The simulations of various fault types are performed on the 11-node IEEE standard feeder equipped with three DGs. Results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed fault section identification algorithm is notable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T04:49:51Z","timestamp":1643258991000},"page":"945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Machine Learning-Based Fault Location for Smart Distribution Networks Equipped with Micro-PMU"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1921-8830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid","family":"Mirshekali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical-Laboratory Center of Power System & Protection, Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9295-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahman","family":"Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical-Laboratory Center of Power System & Protection, Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Keshavarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IoT and Signal Processing Research Group, ICT Research Institute Engineering Department, Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-8400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Shaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Energy Informatics, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8308","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3067007","article-title":"Linear and Nonlinear Fault Location in Smart Distribution Network under Line Parameter Uncertainty","volume":"17","author":"Mirshekali","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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