{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:27:16Z","timestamp":1774967236270,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51922023, 61874011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51922023, 61874011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M703159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M703159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFA0202704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFA0202704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017616","name":"Beijing Talents Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017000021223TD04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017000021223TD04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017616","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology","award":["SKLTKF19B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLTKF19B02"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment &amp; Technology","award":["DMETKF2020014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMETKF2020014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The wearable tactile sensors have attracted great attention in the fields of intelligent robots, healthcare monitors and human-machine interactions. To create active tactile sensors that can directly generate electrical signals in response to stimuli from the surrounding environment is of great significance. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have the advantages of high sensitivity, fast response speed and low cost that can convert any type of mechanical motion in the surrounding environment into electrical signals, which provides an effective strategy to design the self-powered active tactile sensors. Here, an overview of the development in TENGs as tactile stimulators for multifunctional sensing and artificial synapses is systematically introduced. Firstly, the applications of TENGs as tactile stimulators in pressure, temperature, proximity sensing, and object recognition are introduced in detail. Then, the research progress of TENGs as tactile stimulators for artificial synapses is emphatically introduced, which is mainly reflected in the electrolyte-gate synaptic transistors, optoelectronic synaptic transistors, floating-gate synaptic transistors, reduced graphene oxides-based artificial synapse, and integrated circuit-based artificial synapse and nervous systems. Finally, the challenges of TENGs as tactile stimulators for multifunctional sensing and artificial synapses in practical applications are summarized, and the future development prospects are expected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:01:57Z","timestamp":1643320917000},"page":"975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Triboelectric Nanogenerators as Active Tactile Stimulators for Multifunctional Sensing and Artificial Synapses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"}]},{"given":"Junqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"},{"name":"School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Chengxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"},{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}]},{"given":"Youchao","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"},{"name":"School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Guoxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"},{"name":"School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xianpeng","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"},{"name":"School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"},{"name":"School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2834","article-title":"Highly sensitive flexible pressure sensors with microstructured rubber dielectric layers","volume":"9","author":"Mannsfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. 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