{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:16:31Z","timestamp":1768439791982,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11974304, 12074282, 51502186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11974304, 12074282, 51502186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gas sensing performance characterization systems are essential for the research and development of gas sensing materials and devices. Although existing systems are almost completely automatically operated, the accuracies of gas concentration control and of pressure control and the ability to simultaneously detect different sensor signals still require improvement. In this study, a high-precision gas sensing material characterization system is developed based on vacuum technology, with the objective of enabling the precise and simultaneous measurement of electrical responses. Because of the implementation of vacuum technology, the gas concentration control accuracy is improved more than 1600 times, whereas the pressure of the test ambient condition can be precisely adjusted between vacuum and 1.2 bar. The vacuum-assisted gas-exchanging mechanism also enables the sensor response time to be determined more accurately. The system is capable of performing sensitivity, selectivity, and stability tests and can control the ambient relative humidity in a precise manner. More importantly, the levels of performance of three different optical signal measurement set-ups were investigated and compared in terms of detection range, linearity, noise, and response time, based on which of their scopes of application were proposed. Finally, single-period and cyclical tests were performed to examine the ability of the system to detect optical and electrical responses simultaneously, both at a single wavelength and in a spectral region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T01:43:27Z","timestamp":1643420607000},"page":"1014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Vacuum Based Gas Sensing Material Characterization System for Precise and Simultaneous Measurement of Optical and Electrical Responses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-0309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Jian-Min","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Zhe-Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Run","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Guo-Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Yan-Hong","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Metrology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Metrology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Hui-Dong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130103, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Chao-Ya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Qiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China"},{"name":"School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c04481","article-title":"Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship of Nanowire Adsorption to SO2 Revealed by in Situ TEM Technique","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b01066","article-title":"Self-Healable Sensors Based Nanoparticles for Detecting Physiological Markers Via Skin and Breath: Toward Disease Prevention via Wearable Devices","volume":"16","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano 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