{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:10:54Z","timestamp":1773292254545,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gain suppression induced by excess carriers in Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) has been investigated using 3 MeV protons in a nuclear microprobe. In order to modify the ionization density inside the detector, Ion Beam Induced Current (IBIC) measurements were performed at different proton beam incidence angles between 0\u00b0 and 85\u00b0. The experimental results have been analyzed as a function of the ionization density projected on the multiplication layer, finding that the increase of ionization density leads to greater gain suppression. For bias voltages close to the gain onset value, this decrease in gain results into a significant distortion of the transient current waveforms measured by the Time-Resolved IBIC (TRIBIC) technique due to a deficit in the secondary holes component. For angles of incidence such that the Bragg peak falls within the sensitive volume of the detector, the formation of microplasmas modifies the behavior of the gain curves, producing an abrupt decrease in gain as the angle increases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:12:56Z","timestamp":1643501576000},"page":"1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Study of Ionization Charge Density-Induced Gain Suppression in LGADs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7109-1040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Carmen","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), 41092 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), 41092 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica At\u00f3mica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Garc\u00eda Osuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), 41092 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (IFCA-UC-CSIC), 39005 Cantabria, Spain"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"Curr\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solid State Detector Group, CERN, CH-1211 Gen\u00e9ve 23, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Jaramillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de Cantabria (IFCA-UC-CSIC), 39005 Cantabria, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8070-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1606-3546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microelectr\u00f3nica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2014.06.008","article-title":"Technology developments and first measurements of low gain avalanche detectors (LGAD) for high energy physics applications","volume":"765","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucl. 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