{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T18:04:09Z","timestamp":1778177049359,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M623349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M623349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate and fast identification of vibration signals detected based on the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (\u03a6-OTDR) is crucial in reducing the false-alarm rate of the long-distance distributed vibration warning system. This study proposes a computer vision-based \u03a6-OTDR multi-vibration events detection method in real-time, which can effectively detect perimeter intrusion events and reduce personnel patrol costs. Pulse accumulation, pulse cancellers, median filter, and pseudo-color processing are employed for vibration signal feature enhancement to generate vibration spatio-temporal images and form a customized dataset. This dataset is used to train and evaluate an improved YOLO-A30 based on the YOLO target detection meta-architecture to improve system performance. Experiments show that using this method to process 8069 vibration data images generated from 5 abnormal vibration activities for two types of fiber optic laying scenarios, buried underground or hung on razor barbed wire at the perimeter of high-speed rail, the system mAP@.5 is 99.5%, 555 frames per second (FPS), and can detect a theoretical maximum distance of 135.1 km per second. It can quickly and effectively identify abnormal vibration activities, reduce the false-alarm rate of the system for long-distance multi-vibration along high-speed rail lines, and significantly reduce the computational cost while maintaining accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:38:40Z","timestamp":1644179920000},"page":"1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Real-Time \u03a6-OTDR Vibration Event Recognition Based on Image Target Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-4000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nachuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Data and Target Engineering Institute, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data and Target Engineering Institute, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data and Target Engineering Institute, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"},{"name":"Research Institute for National Defense Engineering of Academy of Military Science PLA, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2005.849924","article-title":"Distributed fiber-optic intrusion sensor system","volume":"23","author":"Juarez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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