{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:20:52Z","timestamp":1771467652152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Islamic University of Madinah","award":["Tammayuz program grant number 1442\/96"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Tammayuz program grant number 1442\/96"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The probability of losing vulnerable companions, such as children or older ones, in large gatherings is high, and their tracking is challenging. We proposed a novel integration of face-recognition algorithms with a soft voting scheme, which was applied, on low-resolution cropped images of detected faces, in order to locate missing persons in a challenging large-crowd gathering. We considered the large-crowd gathering scenarios at Al Nabvi mosque Madinah. It is a highly uncontrolled environment with a low-resolution-images data set gathered from moving cameras. The proposed model first performs real-time face-detection from camera-captured images, and then it uses the missing person\u2019s profile face image and applies well-known face-recognition algorithms for personal identification, and their predictions are further combined to obtain more mature prediction. The presence of a missing person is determined by a small set of consecutive frames. The novelty of this work lies in using several recognition algorithms in parallel and combining their predictions by a unique soft-voting scheme, which in return not only provides a mature prediction with spatio-temporal values but also mitigates the false results of individual recognition algorithms. The experimental results of our model showed reasonably good accuracy of missing person\u2019s identification in an extremely challenging large-gathering scenario.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1644180018000},"page":"1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Novel Integration of Face-Recognition Algorithms with a Soft Voting Scheme for Efficiently Tracking Missing Person in Challenging Large-Gathering Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-150X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer and Information System, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-1796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad 45570, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5595-3867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kashif","family":"Rizwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad 45570, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2178-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nauman","family":"Qadeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Islamabad 45570, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9501-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"AlZahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer and Information System, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Science, Technology and Management, Ziauddin University, Karachi 74700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7097-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qammer H.","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Huang, G.B., Ramesh, M., Berg, T., and Learned-Miller, E. 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