{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T01:41:19Z","timestamp":1784079679583,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Lab Research Funds","award":["Grant No. 2020MC0AD01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2020MC0AD01"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["Grant No. 2021C0305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2021C0305"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For certain diseases, the continuous long-term monitoring of the physiological condition is crucial. Therefore, non-invasive monitoring methods have attracted widespread attention in health care. This review aims to discuss the non-invasive monitoring technologies for human health based on photoacoustic spectroscopy. First, the theoretical basis of photoacoustic spectroscopy and related devices are reported. Furthermore, this article introduces the monitoring methods for blood glucose, blood oxygen, lipid, and tumors, including differential continuous-wave photoacoustic spectroscopy, microscopic photoacoustic spectroscopy, mid-infrared photoacoustic detection, wavelength-modulated differential photoacoustic spectroscopy, and others. Finally, we present the limitations and prospects of photoacoustic spectroscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1644180018000},"page":"1155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Non-Invasive Monitoring of Human Health by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yongyong","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6782-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonggang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4186-2657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.10.029","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030","volume":"94","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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