{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:48:28Z","timestamp":1760150908489,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The signal conditioning treatment to achieve good relation of power with radio-frequency (RF) conversion in conventional transceiver systems require precise baseband models. A developed framework is built to provide a demonstration of the modeling figures of merit with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) support under signal conditioning and transmission restrictions to waveforms with high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in practical applications. Therefore, peak and average power levels have to be limited to correct high PAPR for a better suited correction power from the amplifier that can lead to compression or clipping in the signal of interest. This work presents an alternative joint crest factor reduction (CFR) algorithm to correct the performance of PAPR. A real-time field-programmable gate array (FPGA) testbed is developed to characterize and measure the behavior of an amplifier using a single-carrier 64\u2013QAM OFDM based on long-term evolution (LTE) downlink at 2.40 GHz as stimulus, across wide modulation bandwidths. The results demonstrate that the CFR accuracy capabilities for the signal conditioning show a reliable clipping reduction to give a smooth version of the clipping signal and provide a factor of correction for the unwanted out-of-band emission validated according to the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR), PAPR, peak power, complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), and error vector magnitude (EVM) figures of merit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1644180018000},"page":"1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Crest Factor Reduction Technique for LTE Signals with Target Relaxation in Power Amplifier Linearization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5437-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ricardo","family":"C\u00e1rdenas-Valdez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IT de Tijuana, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico, Tijuana 22435, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6550-124X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Alejandro","family":"Galaviz-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1770-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"Vargas-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7994-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Everardo","family":"Inzunza-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Arquitectura y Dise\u00f1o, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California (UABC), Carret. Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Fracc. Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3497-4842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Flores-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT de Tijuana, Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico, Tijuana 22435, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelotti, A.M., Gibiino, G.P., Florian, C., and Santarelli, A. (2020, January 4\u20136). Broadband Error Vector Magnitude Characterization of a GaN Power Amplifier using a Vector Network Analyzer. 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