{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T08:26:09Z","timestamp":1782289569673,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]],"date-time":"2022-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan\u2019s Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["MOST 110-2634-F-002-042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2634-F-002-042"]}]},{"name":"Ganzin Technology","award":["None"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["None"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Assessing mental workload is imperative for avoiding unintended negative consequences in critical situations such as driving and piloting. To evaluate mental workload, measures of eye movements have been adopted, but unequivocal results remain elusive, especially those related to fixation-related parameters. We aimed to resolve the discrepancy of previous results by differentiating two kinds of mental workload (perceptual load and cognitive load) and manipulated them independently using a modified video game. We found opposite effects of the two kinds of mental workload on fixation-related parameters: shorter fixation durations and more fixations when participants played an episode with high (vs. low) perceptual load, and longer fixation durations and fewer fixations when they played an episode with high (vs. low) cognitive load. Such opposite effects were in line with the load theory and demonstrated that fixation-related parameters can be used to index mental workload at different (perceptual and cognitive) stages of mental processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1644180018000},"page":"1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Assessing Perceptual Load and Cognitive Load by Fixation-Related Information of Eye Movements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1988-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2808-2303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuei-An","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ganzin Technology, Inc., Taipei 23141, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Ling","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Yi","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ganzin Technology, Inc., Taipei 23141, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62307-9","article-title":"Mental workload","volume":"47","author":"Kantowitz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Adv. 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