{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:35:16Z","timestamp":1772120116910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011047","name":"AGE-WELL NCE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AWCRP-2020-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AWCRP-2020-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Real-time location systems (RTLS) record locations of individuals over time and are valuable sources of spatiotemporal data that can be used to understand patterns of human behaviour. Location data are used in a wide breadth of applications, from locating individuals to contact tracing or monitoring health markers. To support the use of RTLS in many applications, the varied ways location data can describe patterns of human behaviour should be examined. The objective of this review is to investigate behaviours described using indoor location data, and particularly the types of features extracted from RTLS data to describe behaviours. Four major applications were identified: health status monitoring, consumer behaviours, developmental behaviour, and workplace safety\/efficiency. RTLS data features used to analyse behaviours were categorized into four groups: dwell time, activity level, trajectory, and proximity. Passive sensors that provide non-uniform data streams and features with lower complexity were common. Few studies analysed social behaviours between more than one individual at once. Less than half the health status monitoring studies examined clinical validity against gold-standard measures. Overall, spatiotemporal data from RTLS technologies are useful to identify behaviour patterns, provided there is sufficient richness in location data, the behaviour of interest is well-characterized, and a detailed feature analysis is undertaken.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1644180018000},"page":"1220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Indoor Location Data for Tracking Human Behaviours: A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8464-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leia C.","family":"Shum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE\u2014Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Faieghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE\u2014Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Borsook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE\u2014Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Tamim","family":"Faruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE\u2014Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Souraiya","family":"Kassam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE\u2014Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Nabavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE\u2014Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Sofija","family":"Spasojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE\u2014Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Tung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada"}]},{"given":"Shehroz S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE\u2014Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Iaboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KITE\u2014Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2A2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Real-time locating systems (RTLS) in healthcare: A condensed primer","volume":"11","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. 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