{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:30:07Z","timestamp":1780385407310,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tin dioxide (SnO2) is the most-used semiconductor for gas sensing applications. However, lack of selectivity and humidity influence limit its potential usage. Antimony (Sb) doped SnO2 showed unique electrical and chemical properties, since the introduction of Sb ions leads to the creation of a new shallow band level and of oxygen vacancies acting as donors in SnO2. Although low-doped SnO2:Sb demonstrated an improvement of the sensing performance compared to pure SnO2, there is a lack of investigation on this material. To fill this gap, we focused this work on the study of gas sensing properties of highly doped SnO2:Sb. Morphology, crystal structure and elemental composition were characterized, highlighting that Sb doping hinders SnO2 grain growth and decreases crystallinity slightly, while lattice parameters expand after the introduction of Sb ions into the SnO2 crystal. XRF and EDS confirmed the high purity of the SnO2:Sb powders, and XPS highlighted a higher Sb concentration compared to XRF and EDS results, due to a partial Sb segregation on superficial layers of Sb\/SnO2. Then, the samples were exposed to different gases, highlighting a high selectivity to NO2 with a good sensitivity and a limited influence of humidity. Lastly, an interpretation of the sensing mechanism vs. NO2 was proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1644180018000},"page":"1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Investigation on Sensing Performance of Highly Doped Sb\/SnO2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhifu","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MNF\u2014Micro Nano Facility, Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6688-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Gaiardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNF\u2014Micro Nano Facility, Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2621-5555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Valt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNF\u2014Micro Nano Facility, Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0188-2178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Casotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR\u2014Institute of Nanoscience, Centro S3, Via Campi 213\/A, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3986-5066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soufiane","family":"Krik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Universit\u00e0 1, 39100 Bozen, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Vanzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNF\u2014Micro Nano Facility, Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele Della","family":"Ciana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Bologna, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Fioravanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MNF\u2014Micro Nano Facility, Sensors and Devices Center, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4230-7663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Caramori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Rota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR\u2014Institute of Nanoscience, Centro S3, Via Campi 213\/A, 41125 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213\/A, 41125 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Center for Applied Research and Services in the Advanced Mechanics and Motor Engineering Sector, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese 905\/B, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Guidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssi.2020.115544","article-title":"Review of ZnO-based 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