{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T16:42:25Z","timestamp":1781973745277,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110-2622-E-197-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2622-E-197-009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rapid growth of cloud computing environment with many clients ranging from personal users to big corporate or business houses has become a challenge for cloud organizations to handle the massive volume of data and various resources in the cloud. Inefficient management of resources can degrade the performance of cloud computing. Therefore, resources must be evenly allocated to different stakeholders without compromising the organization\u2019s profit as well as users\u2019 satisfaction. A customer\u2019s request cannot be withheld indefinitely just because the fundamental resources are not free on the board. In this paper, a combined resource allocation security with efficient task scheduling in cloud computing using a hybrid machine learning (RATS-HM) technique is proposed to overcome those problems. The proposed RATS-HM techniques are given as follows: First, an improved cat swarm optimization algorithm-based short scheduler for task scheduling (ICS-TS) minimizes the make-span time and maximizes throughput. Second, a group optimization-based deep neural network (GO-DNN) for efficient resource allocation using different design constraints includes bandwidth and resource load. Third, a lightweight authentication scheme, i.e., NSUPREME is proposed for data encryption to provide security to data storage. Finally, the proposed RATS-HM technique is simulated with a different simulation setup, and the results are compared with state-of-art techniques to prove the effectiveness. The results regarding resource utilization, energy consumption, response time, etc., show that the proposed technique is superior to the existing one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:40:18Z","timestamp":1644180018000},"page":"1242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["A Joint Resource Allocation, Security with Efficient Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Using Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Prasanta Kumar","family":"Bal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GITA Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar 751012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3065-3881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudhir Kumar","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Emerging Technologies, Sri Sri University, Cuttack 754006, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2683-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tapan Kumar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9352-0237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathiravan","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0183-8182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuh-Chung","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Electromechanical Engineering, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2013.31","article-title":"On the optimal allo-cation of virtual resources in cloud computing networks","volume":"62","author":"Papagianni","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2013.131209","article-title":"A Framework for Cooperative Resource Management in Mobile Cloud Computing","volume":"31","author":"Kaewpuang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2012.283","article-title":"Dynamic resource allocation using virtual machines for cloud computing environ-ment","volume":"24","author":"Xiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2011.65","article-title":"Exploiting Dynamic Resource Allocation for Efficient Parallel Data Processing in the Cloud","volume":"22","author":"Warneke","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-012-0861-z","article-title":"An SLA-based cloud computing that facilitates resource allocation in the distributed data centers of a cloud provider","volume":"64","author":"Son","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-009-0318-1","article-title":"A game-theoretic method of fair resource allocation for cloud com-puting services","volume":"54","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-012-3939-0","article-title":"A study of optimal allocation of computing resources in cloud manufacturing systems","volume":"63","author":"Laili","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2008.12.001","article-title":"Cloud computing and emerging IT platforms: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering computing as the 5th utility","volume":"25","author":"Buyya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2009.08.009","article-title":"Joint admission control and resource allocation in virtualized servers","volume":"70","author":"Almeida","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2011.04.017","article-title":"Energy-aware resource allocation heuristics for efficient management of data centers for Cloud computing","volume":"28","author":"Beloglazov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2011.05.016","article-title":"Policy based resource allocation in IaaS cloud","volume":"28","author":"Nathani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phpro.2012.02.338","article-title":"A Novel College Network Resource Management Method using Cloud Computing","volume":"24","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Procedia"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19023","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2752279","article-title":"Multi-Layer Cloud-RAN With Cooperative Resource Allocations for Low-Latency Computing and Communication Services","volume":"5","author":"Mei","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salhaoui, M., Guerrero-Gonz\u00e1lez, A., Arioua, M., Ortiz, F.J., El Oualkadi, A., and Torregrosa, C.L. (2019). Smart industrial iot monitoring and control system based on UAV and cloud computing applied to a concrete plant. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153316"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2015.2424888","article-title":"Tier-Centric Resource Allocation in Multi-Tier Cloud Systems","volume":"5","author":"Khasnabish","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bal, P.K., and Pradhan, S.K. (2019, January 19\u201320). Privacy Preserving Secure Data Storage scheme based on Adaptive ANN and Homomorphic Re-Encryption Algorithm for Cloud. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Remote Sensing (ICICRS), Bhubaneswar, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICRS46726.2019.9555878"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ol\u00e1h J, J., Aburumman, N., Popp, J., Khan, M.A., Haddad, H., and Kitukutha, N. (2020). Impact of Industry 4.0 on environmental sustainability. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12114674"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bal, P.K., and Pradhan, S.K. (2020). Multi-level authentication-based secure aware data transaction on cloud using cyclic shift transposition algorithm. Advances in Intelligent Computing and Communication, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2774-6_46"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, T.K., Tripathy, A.K., and Srinivasan, K. (2020, January 3\u20134). A Smart Trolley for Smart Shopping. Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on System, Computation, Automation and Networking (ICSCAN), Pondicherry, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCAN49426.2020.9262350"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.11.044","article-title":"Combinatorial double auction-based resource allocation mechanism in cloud computing market","volume":"137","author":"Tafsiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2016.2528246","article-title":"Imperfect information dynamic stackelberg game based resource allo-cation using hidden Markov for cloud computing","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2016.2531698","article-title":"Fair Resource Allocation for Data-Intensive Computing in the Cloud","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.06.034","article-title":"An online auction mechanism for cloud computing resource allocation and pricing based on user evaluation and cost","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.07.011","article-title":"Self-adaptive resource allocation for energy-aware virtual machine placement in dynamic computing cloud","volume":"120","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13817","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2894188","article-title":"Adaptive Multivariable Control for Multiple Resource Allocation of Service-Based Systems in Cloud Computing","volume":"7","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2019.11.015","article-title":"ANFIS with natural language processing and gray relational analysis based cloud computing framework for real time energy efficient resource allocation","volume":"150","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7944","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2917890","article-title":"Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation For Cloud Assisted Mobile Edge Computing in Vehicular Networks","volume":"68","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.02.017","article-title":"Efficient resource management and workload allocation in fog\u2013cloud computing paradigm in IoT using learning classifier systems","volume":"153","author":"Abbasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1109\/TLA.2020.9099682","article-title":"A Recommender for Resource Allocation in Compute Clouds Using Genetic Algorithms and SVR","volume":"18","author":"Reis","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Lat. Am. Trans."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2967502","article-title":"Dynamic Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Mo-bile-Edge Computing in Dense Cloud RAN","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-01794-6","article-title":"Dynamic resource allocation with optimized task scheduling and improved power management in cloud computing","volume":"12","author":"Praveenchandar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ambient. Intell. Humaniz. Comput."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5164","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3033131","article-title":"IoT-based Big Data secure management in the Fog over a 6G Wireless Network","volume":"8","author":"Christos","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3426972","article-title":"InFeMo: Flexible Big Data Management Through a Federated Cloud System","volume":"22","author":"Stergiou","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Internet Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/3\/1242\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:15:11Z","timestamp":1760134511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/3\/1242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s22031242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22031242","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]]}}}