{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T06:31:23Z","timestamp":1772087483524,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This study was financially supported via a funding grant by Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020\/300), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","award":["TURSP-2020\/300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heterogeneous vehicular communication on the Internet of connected vehicle (IoV) environment is an emerging research theme toward achieving smart transportation. It is an evolution of the existing vehicular ad hoc network architecture due to the increasingly heterogeneous nature of the various existing networks in road traffic environments that need to be integrated. The existing literature on vehicular communication is lacking in the area of network optimization for heterogeneous network environments. In this context, this paper proposes a heterogeneous network model for IoV and service-oriented network optimization. The network model focuses on three key networking entities: vehicular cloud, heterogeneous communication, and smart use cases as clients. Most traffic-related data\u2013oriented computations are performed at cloud servers for making intelligent decisions. The connection component enables handoff-centric network communication in heterogeneous vehicular environments. The use-case-oriented smart traffic services are implemented as clients for the network model. The model is tested for various service-oriented metrics in heterogeneous vehicular communication environments with the aim of affirming several service benefits. Future challenges and issues in heterogeneous IoV environments are also highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T20:36:42Z","timestamp":1644266202000},"page":"1247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Service-Centric Heterogeneous Vehicular Network Modeling for Connected Traffic Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1850-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad M.","family":"Khasawneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybersecurity, Amman Arab University, Amman 11953, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8597-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamoun Abu","family":"Helou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Al Istiqlal University, Jericho 4728, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aanchal","family":"Khatri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Sat Jinda Kalyana PG College, Kalanaur 124113, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8338-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geetika","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9669-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omprakash","family":"Kaiwartya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Altalhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Information System, College of Business Administration, Taif University, P.O. BOX 11.99, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waheeb","family":"Abu-ulbeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Al Istiqlal University, Jericho 4728, Palestine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rabah","family":"AlShboul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Information Technology, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq 25113, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2016.7437031","article-title":"A tutorial on the internet of things: From a heterogeneous network integration perspective","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.1600647CM","article-title":"An Integrated IoT Architecture for Smart Metering","volume":"54","author":"Lloret","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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