{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T16:13:11Z","timestamp":1780503191377,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inspired by the Ormia Ochracea hearing mechanism, a new direction of arrival estimation using multiple antenna arrays has been considered in spatially colored noise fields. This parasitoid insect can locate s cricket\u2019s position accurately using the small distance between its ears, far beyond the standard array with the same aperture. This phenomenon can be understood as a mechanical coupled structure existing between the Ormia ears. The amplitude and phase differences between the received signals are amplified by the mechanical coupling, which is functionally equivalent to a longer baseline. In this paper, we regard this coupled structure as a multi-input multi-output filter, where coupling exists between each pair of array elements. Then, an iterative direction-finding algorithm based on fourth-order cumulants with fully coupled array is presented. In this manner, the orientation of the mainlobe can direct at the incident angle. Hence, the direction-finding accuracy can be improved in all possible incident angles. We derive the Cram\u00e9r-Rao lower bound for our proposed algorithm and validate its performance based on simulations. Our proposed DOA estimation algorithm is superior to the existing biologically inspired direction-finding and fourth-order cumulants-based estimation algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T20:36:42Z","timestamp":1644266202000},"page":"1249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A High-Precision Algorithm for DOA Estimation Using a Long-Baseline Array Based on the Hearing Mechanism of the Ormia Ochracea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4249-4729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiazhi","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Space Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1109\/5.959342","article-title":"Surveillance systems: From the laboratory to the commercial world","volume":"89","author":"Pavlidis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. 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