{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:07:29Z","timestamp":1780668449553,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), using technological tools, such as augmented reality (AR) and serious games remain a new and unexplored option. To attract people with ASD who have communicative, social, emotional and attention deficit disorders to behavioral treatments, an attractive environment is needed that ensures continuity during treatment. The aim of the current work is to efficiently examine systematic reviews and relevant primary studies on ASD solutions from 2015 to 2020, particularly those using the traditional Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), the application of augmented reality and those that propose serious games, thereby providing an overview of existing evidence and to identify strategies for future research. Five databases were searched for keywords that may be included within the broad Autism Spectrum Disorder \u2018ASD\u2019 umbrella term, alongside \u2018augmented reality\u2019, \u2018serious games\u2019 and \u2018PECS\u2019. We screened 1799 titles and abstracts, read, and retained 12 reviews and 43 studies. The studies scrutinized in our systematic review were examined to answer four primary and four sub-research questions, which we formulated to better understand general trends in the use of approaches for attracting people with ASD to behavioral therapies. Additionally, our systematic review also presents ongoing issues in this area of research and suggests promising future research directions. Our review is useful to researchers in this field as it facilitates the comparison of existing studies with work currently being conducted, based on the availability of a wide range of studies in three different areas (AR, SG and PECS).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T20:36:42Z","timestamp":1644266202000},"page":"1250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Augmented Reality, Serious Games and Picture Exchange Communication System for People with ASD: Systematic Literature Review and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Haneen","family":"Almurashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahma","family":"Bouaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"ReDCAD Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6371-7629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wallaa","family":"Alharthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Community, Computer Sciences and Informatics, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7172-8224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Sarem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Saba\u2019a Region University, Mareb 14400, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9924-7980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Hadwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, College of Applied Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz 6803, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2341-1772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slim","family":"Kammoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"LaTICE Research Laboratory, University of Tunis, Tunis 1938, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731513499411","article-title":"The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as a Major Form of Dehumanization in the Modern World","volume":"24","author":"Gambrill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. 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