{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T04:35:14Z","timestamp":1775277314249,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAI77180078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAI77180078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002848","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fondecyt Posdoctorado 3190734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondecyt Posdoctorado 3190734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The misuse of antibiotics in the cattle sector can lead to milk contamination, with concomitant effects on the dairy industry and human health. Biosensors can be applied in this field; however, the influence of the milk matrix on their activity has been poorly studied in light of the preanalytical process. Herein, aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles (nanoaptasensors) were investigated for the colorimetric detection in raw milk of four antibiotics used in cattle. The effect of milk components on the colorimetric response of the nanoaptasensors was analyzed by following the selective aggregation of the nanoparticles, using the absorption ratio A520\/A720. A preanalytical strategy was developed to apply the nanoaptasensors to antibiotic-contaminated raw milk samples, which involves a clarification step with Carrez reagents followed by the removal of cations through dilution, chelation (EDTA) or precipitation (NaHCO3). The colorimetric signals were detected in spiked samples at concentrations of antibiotics as low as 0.25-fold the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for kanamycin (37.5 \u03bcg\/L), oxytetracycline (25 \u03bcg\/L), sulfadimethoxine (6.25 \u03bcg\/L) and ampicillin (1 \u03bcg\/L), according to European and Chilean legislation. Overall, we conclude that this methodology holds potential for the semiquantitative analysis of antibiotic residues in raw milk obtained directly from dairy farms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22031281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T23:42:20Z","timestamp":1644363740000},"page":"1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Simple Yet Effective Preanalytical Strategy Enabling the Application of Aptamer-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles for the Colorimetric Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Raw Milk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2343-4712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Sede Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4080871, Chile"}]},{"given":"Braulio","family":"Contreras-Trigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Sede Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4080871, Chile"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Sede Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4080871, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7501-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Sede Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4080871, Chile"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricio","family":"Oyarz\u00fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, Sede Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4080871, Chile"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-6-25","article-title":"Bovine Milk in Human Nutrition\u2014A Review","volume":"6","author":"Haug","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (2021, September 13). 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