{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:31:09Z","timestamp":1770291069728,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of \u017dilina","award":["2\/KE\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/KE\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The paradigm of dynamic shared access aims to provide flexible spectrum usage. Recently, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has proposed a new dynamic spectrum management framework for the sharing of a 3.5 GHz (3550\u20133700 MHz) federal band, called a citizen broadband radio service (CBRS) band, which is governed by spectrum access system (SAS). It is the responsibility of SAS to manage the set of CBRS-SAS users. The set of users are classified in three tiers: incumbent access (IA) users, primary access license (PAL) users and the general authorized access (GAA) users. In this article, dynamic channel assignment algorithm for PAL and GAA users is designed with the goal of maximizing the transmission rate and minimizing the total cost of GAA users accessing PAL reserved channels. We proposed a new mathematical model based on multi-objective optimization for the selection of PAL operators and idle PAL reserved channels allocation to GAA users considering the diversity of PAL reserved channels\u2019 attributes and the diversification of GAA users\u2019 business needs. The proposed model is estimated and validated on various performance metrics through extensive simulations and compared with existing algorithms such as Hungarian algorithm, auction algorithm and Gale\u2013Shapley algorithm. The proposed model results indicate that overall transmission rate, net cost and data-rate per unit cost remain the same in comparison to the classical Hungarian method and auction algorithm. However, the improved model solves the resource allocation problem approximately up to four times faster with better load management, which validates the efficiency of our model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T21:26:48Z","timestamp":1644442008000},"page":"1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Resource Allocation in Spectrum Access System Using Multi-Objective Optimization Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1293-3049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waseem","family":"Abbass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8675-875X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riaz","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6065-3087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Frnda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communication, University of Zilina, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0056-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasim","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Muslim Youth University, Islamabad 45710, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5816-097X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Awais","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahzad A.","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6852082","article-title":"Cognitive radio in 5G: A perspective on energy-spectral efficiency trade-off","volume":"52","author":"Hong","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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