{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:52:34Z","timestamp":1773777154623,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite hard sensors can be easily used in various condition monitoring of energy production process, soft sensors are confined to some specific scenarios due to difficulty installation requirements and complex work conditions. However, industrial process may refer to complex control and operation, the extraction of relevant information from abundant sensors data may be challenging, and description of complicated process data patterns is also becoming a hot topic in soft-sensor development. In this paper, a hybrid soft sensor model based mechanism analysis and data-driven is proposed, and ventilation sensing of coal mill in a power plant is conducted as a case study. Firstly, mechanism model of ventilation is established via mass and energy conservation law, and object-relevant features are identified as the inputs of data-driven method. Secondly, radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is used for soft sensor modeling, and genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted for quick and accurate determination of the RBFNN hyper-parameters, thus self-adaptive RBFNN (SA-RBFNN) is proposed to improve the soft sensor performance in energy production process. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a real-world power plant dataset, taking coal mill ventilation soft sensing as a case study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T06:02:15Z","timestamp":1644472935000},"page":"1333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mechanism Analysis and Self-Adaptive RBFNN Based Hybrid Soft Sensor Model in Energy Production Process: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Junrong","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Computer and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1405-4603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"School of Computer and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laishun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1609-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53544","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-14413-4","article-title":"Economic policy uncertainty and energy production in China","volume":"28","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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