{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T23:35:51Z","timestamp":1786664151961,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["61873203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61873203"]}]},{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology Innovation Foundation","award":["CAST-2020-02-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAST-2020-02-11"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012130","name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20200033053001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200033053001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The faults of the landing gear retraction\/extension(R\/E) system can result in the deterioration of an aircraft\u2019s maneuvering conditions; how to identify the faults of the landing gear R\/E system has become a key issue for ensuring aircraft take-off and landing safety. In this paper, we aim to solve this problem by proposing the 1-D dilated convolutional neural network (1-DDCNN). Aiming at developing the limited feature information extraction and inaccurate diagnosis of the traditional 1-DCNN with a single feature, the 1-DDCNN selects multiple feature parameters to realize feature integration. The performance of the 1-DDCNN in feature extraction is explored. Importantly, using padding dilated convolution to multiply the receptive field of the convolution kernel, the 1-DDCNN can completely retain the feature information in the original signal. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method has high accuracy and robustness, which provides a novel idea for feature extraction and fault diagnosis of the landing gear R\/E system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T02:40:17Z","timestamp":1644547217000},"page":"1367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Aircraft Landing Gear Retraction\/Extension System Fault Diagnosis with 1-D Dilated Convolutional Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingshan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runfeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"LeCun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.09.003","article-title":"Deep learning in neural networks: An overview","volume":"61","author":"Schmidhuber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"143","article-title":"Generalization and network design strategies","volume":"19","author":"LeCun","year":"1989","journal-title":"Connect. 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