{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:11:59Z","timestamp":1783613519318,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61873127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61873127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates the sensor fault detection and fault-tolerant control (FTC) technology of a variable-structure hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV). First, an HFV nonlinear system considering sensor compound faults, disturbance, and the variable structure parameter is established, which is divided into the attitude angle outer and angular rate inner loops. Then a nonlinear fault integrated detector is proposed to detect the moment of fault occurrence and provide the residual to design the sliding mode equations. Furthermore, the sliding mode method combined with the virtual adaptive controller constitutes the outer loop FTC scheme, and the adaptive dynamic surface combined with the disturbance estimation constitutes the inner loop robust controller; these controllers finally realize the direct compensation of the compound sensor faults under the disturbance condition. This scheme does not require fault isolation and diagnosis observer loops; it only uses a variable structure FTC with a direct estimation algorithm and integrated residual to complete the self-repairing stable flight of variable-structure HFV, which exhibits a high reliability and quick response. Lyapunov theory proved the stability of the system, and numerical simulation proved the effectiveness of the FTC scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T21:36:24Z","timestamp":1645047384000},"page":"1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Adaptive Sliding Mode Fault Compensation for Sensor Faults of Variable Structure Hypersonic Vehicle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3388-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Yu","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Software Evaluation Center, Beijing Jinghang Institute of Computing and Communication, Beijing 100074, China"},{"name":"Applied Mathematics Research Center, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, Beijing 100074, China"},{"name":"College of Automation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Software Evaluation Center, Beijing Jinghang Institute of Computing and Communication, Beijing 100074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Software Evaluation Center, Beijing Jinghang Institute of Computing and Communication, Beijing 100074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Typical adaptive neural control for hypersonic vehicle based on higher-order filters","volume":"3","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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