{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T17:40:16Z","timestamp":1771954816529,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61674100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61674100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the various applications of the Internet of Things, research into wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has become increasingly important. However, because of their limited energy, the communication abilities of the wireless nodes distributed in the WSN are limited. The main task of WSNs is to collect more data from targets in an energy-efficient way, because the battery replacement of large amounts of nodes is a labor-consuming work. Although the life of WSNs can be prolonged through energy-harvesting (EH) technology, it is necessary to design an energy-efficient routing protocol for the energy harvesting-based wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) as the nodes would be unavailable in the energy harvesting phase. A certain number of unavailable nodes would cause a coverage hole, thereby affecting the WSN\u2019s monitoring function of the target environment. In this paper, an adaptive hierarchical-clustering-based routing protocol for EH-WSNs (HCEH-UC) is proposed to achieve uninterrupted coverage of the target region through the distributed adjustment of the data transmission. Firstly, a hierarchical-clustering-based routing protocol is proposed to balance the energy consumption of nodes. Then, a distributed alternation of working modes is proposed to adaptively control the number of nodes in the energy-harvesting mode, which could lead to uninterrupted target coverage. The simulation experimental results verify that the proposed HCEH-UC protocol can prolong the maximal lifetime coverage of WSNs compared with the conventional routing protocol and achieve uninterrupted target coverage using energy-harvesting technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1645129601000},"page":"1564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["A Novel Adaptive Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bing","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Infrared System Detection and Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6908-9144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaming","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Spaceflight Electronic Communication Equipment Research Institute, Shanghai 201109, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 201418, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1145\/1978802.1978811","article-title":"Coverage problems in sensor networks: A survey","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Comput. 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