{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:50:56Z","timestamp":1760151056030,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1012093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1012093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurately calculating the vehicle load acting on a bridge at any one time is crucial to determining the integrity and safety of the bridge. To ensure this integrity and safety, information on the types, characteristics, and load of vehicles that regularly cross the bridge is very important in terms of its structural adequacy and maintenance. In this study, the vehicle load that a bridge will be subjected to was estimated using the reaction force response at the support. To estimate this response to the reaction force, a vertical displacement sensor, developed based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), was applied to the Eradi Quake System (EQS), a commercially available bridge bearing. This vertical displacement sensor can measure the vertical load and has the advantage of being easy to attach and detach. To verify the performance and accuracy of this sensor, this study conducted numerical analysis and vehicle loading tests. It found that the vehicle load can be estimated from the reaction force response, as measured by the vertical displacement sensor on the bridge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1645129601000},"page":"1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vehicle Load Estimation Using the Reaction Force of a Vertical Displacement Sensor Based on Fiber Bragg Grating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-6866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seismic Research and Test Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da-Woon","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seismic Research and Test Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Uk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seismic Research and Test Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6447-1045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Jin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seismic Research and Test Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Bong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office, Korea Authority of Land & Infrastructure Safety, Jinju 52856, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2005.06.024","article-title":"Optimum maintenance strategy for deteriorating bridge structures based on lifetime functions","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eng. 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