{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:53:02Z","timestamp":1760151182372,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study aimed to investigate the magnitude and shape of the forces applied on the foot rest, foot strap, and paddle. Thirteen elite male kayakers participated in this study and performed a 2-min test simulating 500 m race pace in a kayak ergometer. Forces applied by the kayakers on the paddle, foot rest, and foot strap were measured with load cells and recorded by an electronic measuring system. The magnitude of the peak forces applied on the foot rest (left: 543.27 \u00b1 85.93; right: 524.39 \u00b1 88.36) approximately doubled the ones applied on the paddle (left: 236.37 \u00b1 19.32; right: 243.92 \u00b1 28.89). The forces on the foot strap were similar in magnitude to the paddle forces (left: 240.09 \u00b1 74.92; right: 231.05 \u00b1 52.01). A positive correlation was found between the peak forces applied on the foot rest and paddle on the same side (p &lt; 0.001). When comparing the best and worst kayakers\u2019 performance, the best showed greater forces magnitudes and synchronization of the peak forces. Analyses of the force\u2013time curves, including not only the forces applied by the kayaker on the paddle but also the ones applied on the foot rest and strap, should be considered relevant in terms of technique analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:23:29Z","timestamp":1645431809000},"page":"1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Magnitude and Shape of the Forces Applied on the Foot Rest and Paddle by Elite Kayakers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6528-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Bonito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, ISEP\/IPP, 4200 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernando Jos\u00e9","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, ISEP\/IPP, 4200 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8490-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Fonseca","family":"Justo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, ISEP\/IPP, 4200 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2885-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Branquinho","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity\u2014CIDAF (uid\/dtp\/042143\/2020), University of Coimbra, 3040 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0030","article-title":"Contribution of Leg-Muscle Forces to Paddle Force and Kayak Speed During Maximal-Effort Flat-Water Paddling","volume":"11","author":"Nilsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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