{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:04:26Z","timestamp":1779321866630,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guangxi Hundred Talent Program","award":["T3010097923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T3010097923"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Nos. 51922023, 61874011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 51922023, 61874011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["E1EG6804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E1EG6804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Based on the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as an emerging energy technology can effectively harvest mechanical energy from the ambient environment. However, due to its inherent property of large impedance, the TENG shows high voltage, low current and limited output power, which cannot satisfy the stable power supply requirements of conventional electronics. As the interface unit between the TENG and load devices, the power management circuit can perform significant functions of voltage and impedance conversion for efficient energy supply and storage. Here, a review of the recent progress of switching power management for TENGs is introduced. Firstly, the fundamentals of the TENG are briefly introduced. Secondly, according to the switch types, the existing power management methods are summarized and divided into four categories: travel switch, voltage trigger switch, transistor switch of discrete components and integrated circuit switch. The switch structure and power management principle of each type are reviewed in detail. Finally, the advantages and drawbacks of various switching power management circuits for TENGs are systematically summarized, and the challenges and development of further research are prospected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22041668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:48:41Z","timestamp":1645476521000},"page":"1668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Recent Progress of Switching Power Management for Triboelectric Nanogenerators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"},{"name":"School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"},{"name":"Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weilin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chongyong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianrui","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1111-054X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanfen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7511-805X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China"},{"name":"School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican1004-76","article-title":"The Internet of Things","volume":"291","author":"Gershenfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sci. 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