{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T16:47:13Z","timestamp":1774630033202,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The electromagnetic field (EMF) in electric vehicles (EVs) affects not only drivers, but also passengers (using EVs daily) and electronic devices inside. This article summarizes the measurement methods applicable in studies of complex EMF in EVs focused on the evaluation of characteristics of such exposure to EVs users and drivers, together with the results of investigations into the static magnetic field (SMF), the extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF) and radiofrequency (RF) EMF related to the use of the EVs in urban transportation. The investigated EMF components comply separately with limits provided by international labor law and guidelines regarding the evaluation of human short-term exposure; however other issues need attention\u2014electromagnetic immunity of electronic devices and long-term human exposure. The strongest EMF was found in the vicinity of direct current (DC) charging installations\u2014SMF up to 0.2 mT and ELF magnetic field up to 100 \u00b5T\u2014and inside the EVs\u2014up to 30 \u00b5T close to its internal electrical equipment. Exposure to RF EMF inside the EVs (up to a few V\/m) was found and recognized to be emitted from outdoor radiocommunications systems, together with emissions from sources used inside vehicles, such as passenger mobile communication handsets and antennas of Wi-Fi routers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22051719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T22:35:00Z","timestamp":1645569300000},"page":"1719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Complex Electromagnetic Issues Associated with the Use of Electric Vehicles in Urban Transportation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Gryz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2014National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2547-2728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Karpowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2014National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8094-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patryk","family":"Zradzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection\u2014National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warszawa, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, December 06). 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