{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T10:59:33Z","timestamp":1771757973102,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) is among the most effective means to study the phenomenon of light\u2013object interaction. It can precisely describe the characteristics of spatial reflection of the target surface, and has been applied to aerial remote sensing, imaging technology, materials analysis, and computer rendering technology. This study provides a comprehensive review of the development of devices to measure the BRDF. We gathered research in the area by using the Web of Science Core Collection, and show that work on the BDRF has been ongoing in the last 30 years. We also describe some typical measurement devices for the BRDF proposed in the literature. Finally, we summarise outstanding problems related to BRDF measurement and propose directions of future research in the area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22051739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:53:26Z","timestamp":1645664006000},"page":"1739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Developmental Trends in the Application and Measurement of the Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2166-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangyang","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China"}]},{"given":"Bonan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.4.000767","article-title":"Directional reflectance and emissivity of an opaque surface","volume":"4","author":"Nicodemus","year":"1965","journal-title":"Appl. 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