{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:11:43Z","timestamp":1760137903729,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C4001606","2018R1D1A1B07048264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C4001606","2018R1D1A1B07048264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003606","name":"Korea Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202017D01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202017D01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we propose a low-area multi-channel controlled dielectric breakdown (CDB) system that simultaneously produces several nanopore sensors. Conventionally, solid-state nanopores are prepared by etching or drilling openings in a silicon nitride (SiNx) substrate, which is expensive and requires a long processing time. To address these challenges, a CDB technique was introduced and used to fabricate nanopore channels in SiNx membranes. However, the nanopore sensors produced by the CDB result in a severe pore-to-pore diameter variation as a result of different fabrication conditions and processing times. Accordingly, it is indispensable to simultaneously fabricate nanopore sensors in the same environment to reduce the deleterious effects of pore-to-pore variation. In this study, we propose a four-channel CDB system that comprises an amplifier that boosts the command voltage, a 1-to-4 multiplexer, a level shifter, a low-noise transimpedance amplifier and a data acquisition device. To prove our design concept, we used the CDB system to fabricate four nanopore sensors with diameters of &lt;10 nm, and its in vitro performance was verified using \u03bb-DNA samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22051895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T20:11:57Z","timestamp":1646079117000},"page":"1895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Low-Area Four-Channel Controlled Dielectric Breakdown System Design for Point-of-Care Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jonggi","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}]},{"given":"Yeonji","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hojong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eletronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13306, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jungsuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.06.015","article-title":"Next generation sequencing technology: Advances and applications","volume":"1842","author":"Buermans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. 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