{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T02:10:23Z","timestamp":1769911823438,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes a single-stage three-phase modular flyback differential inverter (MFBDI) for medium\/high power solar PV grid-integrated applications. The proposed inverter structure consists of parallel modules of flyback DC-DC converters based on the required power level. The MFBDI offers many features for renewable energy applications, such as reduced components, single-stage power processing, high-power density, voltage-boosting property, improved footprint, flexibility with modular extension capability, and galvanic isolation. The proposed inverter has been modelled, designed, and scaled up to the required application rating. A new mathematical model of the proposed MFBDI is presented and analyzed with a time-varying duty-cycle, wide-range of frequency variation, and power balancing in order to display its grid current harmonic orders for grid-tied applications. In addition, an LPF-based harmonic compensation strategy is used for second-order harmonic component (SOHC) compensation. With the help of the compensation technique, the grid current THD is reduced from 36% to 4.6% by diminishing the SOHC from 51% to 0.8%. Moreover, the SOHC compensation technique eliminates third-order harmonic components from the DC input current. In addition, a 15% parameters mismatch has been applied between the flyback parallel modules to confirm the modular operation of the proposed MFBDI under modules divergence. In addition, SiC MOSFETs are used for inverter switches implementation, which decrease the inverter switching losses at high-switching frequency. The proposed MFBDI is verified by using three flyback parallel modules\/phase using PSIM\/Simulink software, with a rating of 5 kW, 200 V, and 50 kHz switching frequency, as well as experimental environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22052064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T01:50:53Z","timestamp":1646790653000},"page":"2064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Modular Single-Stage Three-Phase Flyback Differential Inverter for Medium\/High-Power Grid Integrated Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7650-4788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Ismail M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Department, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cao Anh","family":"Tuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Department, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-3884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaharu","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Department, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7897-3572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5816-189X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuhair Muhammed","family":"Alaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2006.878356","article-title":"Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey","volume":"53","author":"Carrasco","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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