{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:48:27Z","timestamp":1778708907584,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic and inductive sensors are the dominant technologies in angular position sensing for automotive applications. This paper introduces a new angular sensor: a hybrid concept combining the magnetic Hall and inductive principles. A magnetic Hall transducer provides an accurate angle from 0\u00b0 to 180\u00b0, whereas an inductive transducer provides a coarse angle from 0\u00b0 to 360\u00b0. For this novel concept, a hybrid target with a magnetic and inductive signature is also needed. Using the two principles at the same time enables superior performances, in terms of range, compactness and robustness, that are not possible when used separately. We realized and characterized a prototype. The prototype achieves a 360\u00b0 range, has a high accuracy and is robust against mechanical misalignments, stray fields and stray metals. The measurement results demonstrate that the two sensing principles are completely independent, thereby opening the doors for hybrid optimum magnetic\u2013inductive designs beyond the usual trade-offs (range vs. resolution, size vs. robustness to misalignment).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T20:19:10Z","timestamp":1646943550000},"page":"2153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hybrid Magnetic\u2013Inductive Angular Sensor with 360\u00b0 Range and Stray-Field Immunity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4663-5071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Brajon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melexis Technologies SA, Chemin de Buchaux 38, CH-2022 Bevaix, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Lugani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melexis Technologies SA, Chemin de Buchaux 38, CH-2022 Bevaix, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5140-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gael","family":"Close","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melexis Technologies SA, Chemin de Buchaux 38, CH-2022 Bevaix, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobein, D., Dori\u00dfen, T., and D\u00fcrkopp, K. (2004). Progress in Automotive Position Sensors and Introduction of the Hella Inductive Position Sensor. SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE International.","DOI":"10.4271\/2004-01-1115"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granig, W., Hartmann, S., and K\u00f6ppl, B. (2007). Performance and Technology Comparison of GMR versus Commonly Used Angle Sensor Principles for Automotive Applications, SAE International.","DOI":"10.4271\/2007-01-0397"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28665","DOI":"10.3390\/s151128665","article-title":"Recent Developments of Magnetoresistive Sensors for Industrial Applications","volume":"15","author":"Jogschies","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rohrmann, K., Meier, P., Sandner, M., and Prochaska, M. (2018, January 28\u201331). A Novel Methodology for Stray Field Insensitive xMR Angular Position Sensors. 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MLX90510\u2014High-Speed Inductive Resolver with Analog Output. Available online: https:\/\/www.melexis.com\/en\/product\/MLX90510."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"AMS (2022, January 27). AS5171\u2014High Resolution Position Sensor. Available online: https:\/\/ams.com\/as5171."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"NXP (2022, January 27). KMZ41\u2014AMR Programmable Angle Sensor. Available online: https:\/\/www.nxp.com\/docs\/en\/data-sheet\/KMZ41.pdf."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/6\/2153\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:34:15Z","timestamp":1760135655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/6\/2153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s22062153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22062153","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]}}}