{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T11:19:42Z","timestamp":1782645582051,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003711","name":"MOST","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2221-E-004-010, 110-2622-E-004-001, 109-2622-E-004-002, 110-2634-001, 110-2221-E-019-062, and 110-2622-E-019-006F-019-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2221-E-004-010, 110-2622-E-004-001, 109-2622-E-004-002, 110-2634-001, 110-2221-E-019-062, and 110-2622-E-019-006F-019-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work proposes to develop an underwater image enhancement method based on histogram-equalization (HE) approximation using physics-based dichromatic modeling (PDM). Images captured underwater usually suffer from low contrast and color distortions due to light scattering and attenuation. The PDM describes the image formation process, which can be used to restore nature-degraded images, such as underwater images. However, it does not assure that the restored images have good contrast. Thus, we propose approximating the conventional HE based on the PDM to recover the color distortions of underwater images and enhance their contrast through convex optimization. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed method performs favorably against state-of-the-art underwater image restoration approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T20:19:10Z","timestamp":1646943550000},"page":"2168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Histogram-Equalization Approximation Using Physics-Based Dichromatic Modeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3802-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan-Tsung","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei City 116, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9021-2298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Rong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei City 116, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AI Research Center, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Chia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 106, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2003.1201821","article-title":"Contrast restoration of weather degraded images","volume":"25","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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