{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:47:42Z","timestamp":1767422862399,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009886","name":"Regione Puglia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary behaviour is a core element in diabetes self-management. There are no remarkable differences between nutritional guidelines for people with type 2 diabetes and healthy eating recommendations for the general public. This study aimed to evaluate dietary differences between subjects with and without diabetes and to describe any emerging dietary patterns characterizing diabetic subjects. In this cross-sectional study conducted on older adults from Southern Italy, eating habits in the \u201cDiabetic\u201d and \u201cNot Diabetic\u201d groups were assessed with FFQ, and dietary patterns were derived using an unsupervised learning algorithm: principal component analysis. Diabetic subjects (n = 187) were more likely to be male, slightly older, and with a slightly lower level of education than subjects without diabetes. The diet of diabetic subjects reflected a high-frequency intake of dairy products, eggs, vegetables and greens, fresh fruit and nuts, and olive oil. On the other hand, the consumption of sweets and sugary foods was reduced compared to non-diabetics (23.74 \u00b1 35.81 vs. 16.52 \u00b1 22.87; 11.08 \u00b1 21.85 vs. 7.22 \u00b1 15.96). The subjects without diabetes had a higher consumption of red meat, processed meat, ready-to-eat dishes, alcoholic drinks, and lower vegetable consumption. The present study demonstrated that, in areas around the Mediterranean Sea, older subjects with diabetes had a healthier diet than their non-diabetic counterparts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T21:44:17Z","timestamp":1647207857000},"page":"2193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Dietary Patterns Associated with Diabetes in an Older Population from Southern Italy Using an Unsupervised Learning Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7891-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Tatoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-3211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Lampignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4767-5334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Bortone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9140-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Donghia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-8228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Castellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9885-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Zupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Tirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"De Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Sila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Annalidia","family":"Natuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1674-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madia","family":"Lozupone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 11, 70125 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Griseta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Sciarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Aresta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"De Pergola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9081-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Sorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6413-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Lof\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Panza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 11, 70125 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Di Noia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1383-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Sardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Data Sciences and Technology Innovation for Population Health, National Institute of Gastroenterology\u2014IRCCS \u201cSaverio de Bellis\u201d, Research Hospital, 70013 Bari, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, December 09). 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