{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:56:19Z","timestamp":1760151379609,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research412 and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie","award":["764902413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["764902413"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>More than 96% of steel in the world is produced via the method of continuous casting. The flow condition in the mould, where the initial solidification occurs, has a significant impact on the quality of steel products. It is important to have timely, and perhaps automated, control of the flow during casting. This work presents a new concept of using contactless inductive flow tomography (CIFT) as a sensor for a novel controller, which alters the strength of an electromagnetic brake (EMBr) of ruler type based on the reconstructed flow structure in the mould. The method was developed for the small-scale Liquid Metal Model for Continuous Casting (mini-LIMMCAST) facility available at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. As an example of an undesired flow condition, clogging of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) was modelled by partly closing one of the side ports of the SEN; in combination with an active EMBr, the jet penetrates deeper into the mould than when the EMBr is switched off. Corresponding flow patterns are detected by extracting the impingement position of the jets at the narrow faces of the mould from the CIFT reconstruction. The controller is designed to detect to undesired flow condition and switch off the EMBr. The temporal resolution of CIFT is 0.5 s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T21:44:17Z","timestamp":1647207857000},"page":"2195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Laboratory Investigation of Tomography-Controlled Continuous Steel Casting"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5912-8111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Glavini\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetohydrodynamics, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8409-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imamul","family":"Muttakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Tomography Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6368-6802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shereen","family":"Abouelazayem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentsk\u00e1 1402\/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem","family":"Blishchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8770-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetohydrodynamics, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1639-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetohydrodynamics, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6341-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuchehr","family":"Soleimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Tomography Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}]},{"given":"Iheb","family":"Saidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetohydrodynamics, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Hlava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentsk\u00e1 1402\/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7568-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u0161a","family":"Kenjere\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6072-3794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Wondrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Magnetohydrodynamics, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstra\u00dfe 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Hibbeler, L.C., and Thomas, B.G. 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