{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T15:53:41Z","timestamp":1778169221422,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Leading Talent Project","award":["E056061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E056061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) can provide high-precision positioning services, which can be applied to fields including navigation and positioning, autonomous driving, unmanned aerial vehicles and so on. However, GNSS signals are easily disrupted in complex environments, which results in a positioning performance with a significantly inferior accuracy and lengthier convergence time, particularly for the single GNSS system. In this paper, multi-GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) with tightly integrating ultra-wide band (UWB) technology is presented to implement fast and precise navigation and positioning. The validity of the algorithm is evaluated by a set of GNSS and UWB data. The statistics indicate that multi-GNSS\/UWB integration can significantly improve positioning performance in terms of the positioning accuracy and convergence time. The improvement of the positioning performance for the GNSS\/UWB tightly coupled integration mainly concerns the north and east directions, and to a lesser extent, the vertical direction. Furthermore, the convergence performance of GNSS\/UWB solution is analyzed by simulating GNSS signal interruption. The reliability and robustness of GNSS\/UWB solution during GNSS signal interruption is verified. The results show that multi-GNSS\/UWB solution can significantly improve the accuracy and convergence speed of PPP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T02:56:20Z","timestamp":1647312980000},"page":"2232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Multi-GNSS Precise Point Positioning with UWB Tightly Coupled Integration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhenchuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5108-4828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuanggen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"},{"name":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China"},{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3039-5106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"IGS-MGEX: Preparing the ground for multi-constellation GNSS science","volume":"9","author":"Montenbruck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inside Gnss"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1029\/95GL00168","article-title":"GPS detection of ionospheric perturbations following the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake","volume":"22","author":"Calais","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geophys. 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