{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:57:35Z","timestamp":1780466255032,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the China  Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2019M663475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M663475"]}]},{"name":"the National Science Foundation of China","award":["62171387"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171387"]}]},{"name":"the Spring Plan of the Ministry of Education of China in 2018","award":["191629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["191629"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Fund of Sichuan Province","award":["2020JDRC-0100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JDRC-0100"]}]},{"name":"Xihua Cup Innovation and Entrepreneurship Fundation","award":["2021054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021054"]}]},{"name":"the Key Projects of Xihua University","award":["Z202005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z202005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Through information sharing, vehicles can know the surrounding road condition information timely in Vehicular Adhoc Networks. To ensure the validity of these messages and the security of vehicles, the message authentication, privacy-preserving, and delay problems are three important issues. Although many conditional privacy-preserving authentication schemes have been proposed to ensure secure communication, there still exist some imperfections such as frequent interactions or unlinkability. From this, our paper proposes a novel hierarchical blockchain-assisted authentication scheme to solve these existing issues comprehensively. First, unlinkability is achieved by a dynamic key derivation algorithm. Second, the proposed scheme can reduce correlation processing delay, queuing delay, and deployment costs by adopting hierarchical Vehicle Fog Computing. Third, cross-region authentication is achieved by taking advantage of the properties of blockchain. In addition, we demonstrate our scheme can fulfill the security criteria of the Vehicular Adhoc Network by security analysis. Furthermore, the simulations are carried out to show its availability by using JAVA and NS-3. The findings reveal that the suggested method outperforms earlier schemes in terms of computation cost and communication cost. All in all, making the authentication scheme more efficient and concise is the focus of our future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T22:15:04Z","timestamp":1647468904000},"page":"2299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Hierarchical Blockchain-Assisted Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xingyu","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianhua","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhizhong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-010-9400-5","article-title":"Vehicular ad hoc networks (vanets): Status, results, and challenges","volume":"50","author":"Zeadally","year":"2012","journal-title":"Telecommun. 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