{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:11:37Z","timestamp":1770977497849,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","award":["KEP-PhD-13-135-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KEP-PhD-13-135-42"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10038\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10038\/Federal\/NRPU\/R&D\/HEC\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 32-bit chipless RFID tag operating in the 4.5\u201310.9 GHz band is presented in this paper. The tag has a unique multiple-arc-type shape consisting of closely packed 0.2 mm wide arcs of different radii and lengths. The specific tag geometry provides multiple resonances in frequency domain of an RCS plot. A frequency domain coding technique has also been proposed to encode the tag\u2019s RCS signature into a 32-bit digital identification code. The tag has an overall dimension of 17.9 \u00d7 17.9 mm2, resulting in a high code density of 9.98 bits\/cm2 and spectral efficiency of 5 bits\/GHz. The proposed tag is built on a low loss substrate bearing a very small footprint, thereby making it extremely suitable for large-scale product identification purposes in future chipless RFID tag systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T23:31:43Z","timestamp":1648164703000},"page":"2492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A 32-Bit Single Quadrant Angle-Controlled Chipless Tag for Radio Frequency Identification Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2482-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Noman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Usman A.","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7824-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidayat","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Farooq A.","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Hatem","family":"Rmili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0713-3466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali I.","family":"Najam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Electronics Complex of Pakistan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2010.938571","article-title":"Chipless RFID: Bar code of the future","volume":"11","author":"Preradovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezaiesarlak, R., and Manteghi, M. (2016). 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