{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:06:39Z","timestamp":1773907599381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/140874\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/140874\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several tools have been used to assess muscular stiffness. Myotonometry stands out as an accessible, handheld, and easy to use tool. The purpose of this review was to summarize the psychometric properties and methodological considerations of myotonometry and its applicability in assessing scapular muscles. Myotonometry seems to be a reliable method to assess several muscles stiffness, as trapezius. This method has been demonstrated fair to moderate correlation with passive stiffness measured by shear wave elastography for several muscles, as well as with level of muscle contraction, pinch and muscle strength, Action Research Arm Test score and muscle or subcutaneous thickness. Myotonometry can detect scapular muscles stiffness differences between pre- and post-intervention in painful conditions and, sometimes, between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T21:31:25Z","timestamp":1648416685000},"page":"2565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Scapular Dynamic Muscular Stiffness Assessed through Myotonometry: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S. C.","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research\u2014Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Research in Health, School of Health, Setubal Polytechnic Institute, Campus do IPS Estefanilha, 2914-503 Setubal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo B.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Setubal Polytechnic Institute, Campus do IPS Estefanilha, 2914-503 Setubal, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9528-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia S. P.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research\u2014Human Movement System (Re)habilitation Area, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00928","article-title":"Eccentric Exercise Reduces Upper Trapezius Muscle Stiffness Assessed by Shear Wave Elastography and Myotonometry","volume":"8","author":"Kisilewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00672.2018","article-title":"Contemporary image-based methods for measuring passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles in vivo","volume":"126","author":"Bilston","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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