{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:29:57Z","timestamp":1775744997303,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have received considerable interest in recent years. These sensor nodes can gather information from the surrounding environment and transmit it to a designated location. Each sensor node in WSN typically has a battery with a limited capacity. Due to their large number and because of various environmental challenges, it is sometimes hard to replace this finite battery. As a result, energy-efficient communication is seen as a critical aspect in extending the lifespan of a sensor node. On the other hand, some applications that require large coverage and generate various sorts of data packets require multi-hop routing and quality of service (QoS) features. Therefore, in order to avoid network failure, these applications need an energy-efficient QoS MAC protocol that can support multiple levels of data packet priority and multi-hop routing features while focusing on energy conservation. An energy-aware QoS MAC protocol based on Prioritized Data and Multi-hop routing (EQPD-MAC) is proposed in this article. The EQPD-MAC protocol offers a simple yet effective cross-layer communication method. It provides timely delivery of multi-priority packets, uses an adaptive active time to limit idle listening, and integrates a robust routing protocol. Finally, the EQPD-MAC protocol\u2019s performance was evaluated and compared to three other well-known QoS MAC protocols. The simulation findings show that the proposed protocol significantly decreases sensor node energy consumption by up to 30.3%, per-bit energy consumption by up to 29.6%, sink node energy consumption by up to 27.4% and increases throughput by up to 23.3%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:45:51Z","timestamp":1648590351000},"page":"2598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Energy-Aware QoS MAC Protocol Based on Prioritized-Data and Multi-Hop Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Aan Nazmus","family":"Sakib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8417-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micheal","family":"Drieberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9356-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohail","family":"Sarang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi\u0107a 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0972-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azrina Abd","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Thi Thu","family":"Hang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications Networks, Faculty of Telecommunications, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology (PTIT), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2098-189X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goran M.","family":"Stojanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi\u0107a 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4216","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2897001","article-title":"MASM: A Multiple-Algorithm Service Model for Energy-Delay Optimization in Edge Artificial Intelligence","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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