{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:58:14Z","timestamp":1760151494796,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A2C4001606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A2C4001606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea Ministry of SMEs and Startups","award":[". S3010583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":[". S3010583"]}]},{"name":"National University Development Project","award":["2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["2020R1I1A3052712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1I1A3052712"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed a customized doubly Q-switched laser that can control the pulse width to easily find weak acoustic signals for photoacoustic (PA) systems. As the laser was constructed using an acousto-optic Q-switcher, in contrast to the existing commercial laser system, it is easier to control the pulse repetition rate and pulse width. The laser has the following control ranges: 10 Hz\u201310 kHz for the pulse repetition rate, 40\u2013150 ns for the pulse width, and 50\u2013500 \u03bcJ for the pulse energy. Additionally, a custom-made modularized sample stage was used to develop a fully customized PA system. The modularized sample stage has a nine-axis control unit design for the PA system, allowing the sample target and transducer to be freely adjusted. This makes the system suitable for capturing weak PA signals. Images were acquired and processed for widely used sample targets (hair and insulating tape) with the developed fully customized PA system. The customized doubly Q-switched laser-based PA imaging system presented in this paper can be modified for diverse conditions, including the wavelength, frequency, pulse width, and sample target; therefore, we expect that the proposed technique will be helpful in conducting fundamental and applied research for PA imaging system applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:45:51Z","timestamp":1648590351000},"page":"2621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Fully Customized Photoacoustic System Using Doubly Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser and Multiple Axes Stages for Laboratory Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2061-2501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Unsang","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Production Technology Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 61 Daehak-ro, Gumi 39177, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jin Hyuck","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Han Tae","family":"Choo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Gyu Ug","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6318-0684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaemyung","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, 350-27 Gumi-daero, Gumi 39253, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hojong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13420, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shung, K.K., Smith, M., and Tsui, B.M. 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