{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T16:06:44Z","timestamp":1777565204876,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan","award":["MOST 110-2634-F-006-022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2634-F-006-022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004738","name":"E-DA hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EDAHP110045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDAHP110045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In clinical practice, the Ishak Score system would be adopted to perform the evaluation of the grading and staging of hepatitis according to whether portal areas have fibrous expansion, bridging with other portal areas, or bridging with central veins. Based on these staging criteria, it is necessary to identify portal areas and central veins when performing the Ishak Score staging. The bile ducts have variant types and are very difficult to be detected under a single magnification, hence pathologists must observe bile ducts at different magnifications to obtain sufficient information. This pathologic examinations in routine clinical practice, however, would result in the labor intensive and expensive examination process. Therefore, the automatic quantitative analysis for pathologic examinations has had an increased demand and attracted significant attention recently. A multi-scale inputs of attention convolutional network is proposed in this study to simulate pathologists\u2019 examination procedure for observing bile ducts under different magnifications in liver biopsy. The proposed multi-scale attention network integrates cell-level information and adjacent structural feature information for bile duct segmentation. In addition, the attention mechanism of proposed model enables the network to focus the segmentation task on the input of high magnification, reducing the influence from low magnification input, but still helps to provide wider field of surrounding information. In comparison with existing models, including FCN, U-Net, SegNet, DeepLabv3 and DeepLabv3-plus, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model improved the segmentation performance on Masson bile duct segmentation task with 72.5% IOU and 84.1% F1-score.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1648762469000},"page":"2679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Multi-Scale Attention Convolutional Network for Masson Stained Bile Duct Segmentation from Liver Pathology Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chun-Han","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pau-Choo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Fung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hung-Wen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City 704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Lung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1771-9017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chieh","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). 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