{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:50:18Z","timestamp":1767340218082,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2116-M-027-004 and 110-2119-M-027-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2116-M-027-004 and 110-2119-M-027-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Taipei University of Technology and Cheng Hsin General Hospital","award":["NTUT-CHGH-110-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTUT-CHGH-110-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has revolutionized the healthcare industry by enabling a new paradigm for healthcare delivery. This paradigm is known as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). IoMT devices are typically connected via a wide range of wireless communication technologies, such as Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), ZigBee, Wi-Fi, and cellular networks. The ZigBee protocol is considered to be an ideal protocol for IoMT communication due to its low cost, low power usage, easy implementation, and appropriate level of security. However, maintaining ZigBee\u2019s high reliability is a major challenge due to multi-path fading and interference from coexisting wireless networks. This has increased the demand for more efficient channel coding schemes that can achieve a more reliable transmission of vital patient data for ZigBee-based IoMT communications. To meet this demand, a novel coding scheme called inter-multilevel super-orthogonal space\u2013time coding (IM-SOSTC) can be implemented by combining the multilevel coding and set partitioning of super-orthogonal space\u2013time block codes based on the coding gain distance (CGD) criterion. The proposed IM-SOSTC utilizes a technique that provides inter-level dependency between adjacent multilevel coded blocks to facilitate high spectral efficiency, which has been compromised previously by the high coding gain due to the multilevel outer code. In this paper, the performance of IM-SOSTC is compared to other related schemes via a computer simulation that utilizes the quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel. The simulation results show that IM-SOSTC outperforms other related coding schemes and is capable of providing the optimal trade-off between coding gain and spectral efficiency whilst guaranteeing full diversity and low complexity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1648762469000},"page":"2695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Inter-Multilevel Super-Orthogonal Space\u2013Time Coding Scheme for Reliable ZigBee-Based IoMT Communications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2049-1383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang-Chih","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8933-7483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alkhaleefah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5834-1057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang-Lang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9058-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Huang","family":"Chuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2813-3959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Yen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiung-Shen","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng-Che","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Organization, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communications, Navigation and Control Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2904349","article-title":"P2DCA: A privacy-preserving-based data collection and analysis framework for IoMT applications","volume":"37","author":"Usman","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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