{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:20:16Z","timestamp":1783653616670,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a design of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems. The proposed MIMO configuration consists of a two antenna arrays combination. Each antenna array consists of four elements which are arranged in an even manner, while two arrays are then assembled with a 90-degree shift with respect to each other. The substrate used is a 0.254 mm thick Rogers RT5880 with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0009, correspondingly. The proposed MIMO antenna array covers the 37 GHz frequency band, dedicated for 5G millimeter-wave communication applications. The proposed antenna element yields a gain of 6.84 dB, which is enhanced up to 12.8 dB by adopting a four elements array configuration. The proposed MIMO antenna array performance metrics, such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG), are observed, which are found to be under the standard threshold. More than 85% of the radiation efficiency of the proposed MIMO antenna array is observed to be within the desired operating frequency band. All the proposed designs are simulated in computer simulation technology (CST) software. Furthermore, the measurements are carried out for the proposed MIMO antenna array, where a good agreement with simulated results is observed. Thus, the proposed design can be a potential candidate for 5G millimeter-wave communication systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T05:50:43Z","timestamp":1649051443000},"page":"2768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Design of a Millimeter-Wave MIMO Antenna Array for 5G Communication Terminals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6092-705X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jalal","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5299-1577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadiq","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan 23200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farooq Ahmad","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies (RIMMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3484-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ildiko","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Str. N.Iorga nr. 1, 540139 T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0946-9561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ladislau","family":"Matekovits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, National Research Council of Italy, 10129 Turin, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Measurements and Optical Electronics, Politehnica University Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117593","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3004779","article-title":"A survey of 5G technology evolution, standards, and infrastructure associated with vehicle-to-everything communications by internet of vehicles","volume":"8","author":"Storck","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"146","article-title":"5G\u2014Wireless Communications for 2020","volume":"31","author":"Barreto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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