{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T19:37:03Z","timestamp":1772566623484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the recent development in power electronic devices, HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) systems have been recognized as the most prominent solution to transmit electric power economically. Today, several HVDC projects have been implemented physically. The conventional HVDC systems use grid commutation converters, and its commutation relies on an AC system for the provision of voltage. Due to this reason, there are possibilities of commutation failure during fault. Furthermore, once the DC (Direct Current) system power is interrupted momentarily, the reversal of work power is likely to cause transient over-voltage, which will endanger the safety of power grid operation. Hence, it is necessary to study the commutation failure and transient over-voltage issues. To tackle the above issues, in this paper, the dynamic and transient characteristics of Pakistan\u2019s first HVDC project, i.e., the Matiari\u2013Lahore \u00b1660 kV transmission line has been analyzed in an electromagnetic transient model of PSCAD\/EMTDC. Based on the characteristics of the DC and the off-angle after the failure, a new control strategy has been proposed. The HVDC system along with its proposed control strategy has been tested under various operating conditions. The proposed controller increases the speed of fault detection, reduces the drop of AC voltage and DC and suppresses the commutation failure probability of LCC-HVDC (line commutated converter- high voltage direct current).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T05:11:34Z","timestamp":1649221894000},"page":"2793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modeling of Efficient Control Strategies for LCC-HVDC Systems: A Case Study of Matiari\u2013Lahore HVDC Power Transmission Line"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Adeel","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6754-9757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danish","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indus University, Karachi 75300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Muddassir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indus University, Karachi 75300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Umair","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5543-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Panjwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9322-4876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6947-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ephraim Bonah","family":"Agyekum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8319-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solomon Eghosa","family":"Uhunamure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2550-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua Nosa","family":"Edokpayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, Engineering and Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2008.2008441","article-title":"VSC-Based HVDC Power Transmission Systems: An Overview","volume":"24","author":"Flourentzou","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Electron."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Design and Performance Analysis of PV Grid-Tied System with Energy Storage System","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. 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