{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:10:00Z","timestamp":1782843000257,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the widespread application of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) to various services, there has been relatively little research carried out on pedestrian\u2013AV interaction and trust within the context of service provided by AV. This study explores the communication design strategy promoting a pedestrian\u2019s trust and positive attitude to driverless services within the context of pedestrian\u2013AV interaction using non-verbal social cues. An empirical study was conducted with an experimental VR environment to measure participants\u2019 intimacy, trust, and brand attitude toward AV. Further understanding of their social interaction experiences was explored through semi-structured interviews. As a result of the study, the interaction effect of social cues was found, and it was revealed that brand attitude was formed by the direct effects of intimacy and trust as well as the indirect effects of intimacy through trust\u2019s mediation. Furthermore, \u2018Conceptual Definition of Space\u2019 was identified to generate differences in the interplay among intimacy, trust, and brand attitude according to social cues. Quantitative and qualitative results were synthesized to discuss implications considering the service context. Practical implications were also addressed suggesting specific design strategies for utilizing the sociality of AV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T21:08:22Z","timestamp":1649365702000},"page":"2809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Would You Trust Driverless Service? Formation of Pedestrian\u2019s Trust and Attitude Using Non-Verbal Social Cues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suji","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Environment and Design\/Human Life Innovation Design, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Environment and Design\/Human Life Innovation Design, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingi","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Environment and Design\/Human Life Innovation Design, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1833-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaewan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Design Science, Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Environment and Design, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongjoon","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Environment and Design, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1994-2850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Woo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 351610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Environment and Design\/Human Life Innovation Design, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2017.2776209","article-title":"Creating Appropriate Trust in Automated Vehicle Systems: A Framework for HMI Design","volume":"48","author":"Ekman","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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