{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T22:33:09Z","timestamp":1768689189943,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K_129063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K_129063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GINOP-2.3.3-15-2016-00040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GINOP-2.3.3-15-2016-00040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TKP2021-NVA-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-NVA-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003827","name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NKFIH-468-3\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NKFIH-468-3\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology, Hungary","award":["TUDFO\/47138-1\/2019-ITM FIKP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUDFO\/47138-1\/2019-ITM FIKP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We have successfully demonstrated that although there are significant analytical challenges involved in the qualitative discrimination analysis of sub-mm sized (microfragment) glass samples, the task can be solved with very good accuracy and reliability with the multivariate chemometric evaluation of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) data or in combination with pre-screening based on refractive index (RI) data. In total, 127 glass samples of four types (fused silica, flint, borosilicate and soda\u2013lime) were involved in the tests. Four multivariate chemometric data evaluation methods (linear discrimination analysis, quadratic discrimination analysis, classification tree and random forest) for LIBS data were evaluated with and without data compression (principal component analysis). Classification tree and random forest methods were found to give the most consistent and most accurate results, with classifications\/identifications correct in 92 to 99% of the cases for soda\u2013lime glasses. The developed methods can be used in forensic analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22083045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T02:39:31Z","timestamp":1650335971000},"page":"3045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Qualitative Analysis of Glass Microfragments Using the Combination of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Refractive Index Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"D\u00e1vid Jen\u0151","family":"Pal\u00e1sti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m Square 7, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Kopniczky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m Square 9, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7370-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"V\u00f6r\u00f6s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Chemistry, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Mosonyi Street 9, 1087 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anik\u00f3","family":"Metzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Chemistry, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Mosonyi Street 9, 1087 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1799-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Galb\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, D\u00f3m Square 7, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Applied and Nonlinear Optics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly-Thege M. Way 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caddy, B. (2001). Forensic Examination of Glass and Paint: Analysis and Interpretation, Taylor & Francis.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203483589"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz, E., and Hal\u00e1mek, J. (2016). Forensic Science: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527693535"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Siegel, J., and Saukko, P. (2013). 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