{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T04:53:54Z","timestamp":1771736034783,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]],"date-time":"2022-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61960206010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61960206010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61527803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61527803"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deep insights into microstructures and domain wall behaviors in the evaluation of different material statuses under elastic and plastic stress ranges have essential implications for magnetic sensing and nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&amp;E). This paper investigates the repeatability and stability of residual magnetic field (RMF) signals using a magneto-optical Kerr effect microscope for the stress characterization of silicon steel sheets beyond their elastic limit. Real-time domain motion is used for RMF characterization, while both the repeatability under plastic ranges after the cyclic stress rounds and stability during relaxation time are studied in detail. The distinction between elastic and plastic materials is discussed in terms of their spatio-temporal properties for further residual stress measurement since both ranges are mixed. During the relaxation time, the RMF of the plastic material shows a two-stage change with apparent recovery, which is contrasted with the one-stage change in the elastic material. Results show that the grain boundary affects the temporal recovery of the RMF. These findings concerning the spatio-temporal properties of different RMFs in plastic and elastic materials can be applied to the design and development of magnetic NDT&amp;E for (residual) stress measurement and material status estimation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22083052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T02:39:31Z","timestamp":1650335971000},"page":"3052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Repeatability and Stability of Residual Magnetic Field for Stress Characterization in Elastic and Plastic Ranges of Silicon Steels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5596-7599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7563-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guiyun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"},{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9993-1013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4861-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]},{"given":"Qianhang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02469065","article-title":"A study of metal properties using the method of magnetic memory","volume":"39","author":"Dubov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Met. 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