{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T16:24:00Z","timestamp":1776183840991,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n SENER","award":["REFTA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["REFTA"]}]},{"name":"Comunidad de Madrid MARTINLARA - CM","award":["P2018\/NMT-4333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2018\/NMT-4333"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigacion","award":["PID2019-109984RB-C41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109984RB-C41"]}]},{"name":"RTC2017-6394-7","award":["RTC2017-6394-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTC2017-6394-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel feeding method for linear DRA arrays is presented, illuminating the use of the power divider, transitions, and launchers, and keeping uniform excitation to array elements. This results in a high-gain DRA array with low losses with a design that is simple, compact and inexpensive. The proposed feeding method is based on exciting standing waves using discrete metallic patches in a simple design procedure. Two arrays with two and four DRA elements are presented as a proof of concept, which provide high gains of 12 and 15dBi, respectively, which are close to the theoretical limit based on array theory. The radiation efficiency for both arrays is about 93%, which is equal to the array element efficiency, confirming that the feeding method does not add losses as in the case of standard methods. To facilitate the fabrication process, the entire array structure is 3D-printed, which significantly decreases the complexity of fabrication and alignment. Compared to state-of-the-art feeding techniques, the proposed method provides higher gain and higher efficiency with a smaller electrical size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22083089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T02:39:31Z","timestamp":1650335971000},"page":"3089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Standing-Wave Feeding for High-Gain Linear Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) Array"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9544-2412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerlos Atia","family":"Abdalmalak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5160-5016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman Abdulhadi","family":"Althuwayb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choon Sae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75205, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4736-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Santamar\u00eda","family":"Botello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0008-0624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enderson","family":"Falc\u00f3n-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Emilio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3619-7859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Enrique","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kajfez, D., and Guillon, P. 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