{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:56:40Z","timestamp":1780318600080,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union with the European Funding of Regional Development","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]},{"name":"Region Hauts de France","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are new, room-temperature alternatives to superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) for measuring the brain\u2019s magnetic fields. The most used OPM in MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) are based on alkali atoms operating in the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime. These sensors do not require cooling but have to be heated. Another kind of OPM, based on the parametric resonance of 4He atoms are operated at room temperature, suppressing the heat dissipation issue. They also have an advantageous bandwidth and dynamic range more suitable for MEG recordings. We quantitatively assessed the improvement (relative to a SQUID magnetometers array) in recording the magnetic field with a wearable 4He OPM-MEG system through data simulations. The OPM array and magnetoencephalography forward models were based on anatomical MRI data from an adult, a nine-year-old child, and 10 infants aged between one month and two years. Our simulations showed that a 4He OPMs array offers markedly better spatial specificity than a SQUID magnetometers array in various key performance areas (e.g., signal power, information content, and spatial resolution). Our results are also discussed regarding previous simulation results obtained for alkali OPM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22083093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,19]],"date-time":"2022-04-19T02:39:31Z","timestamp":1650335971000},"page":"3093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Performance Analysis of Optically Pumped 4He Magnetometers vs. Conventional SQUIDs: From Adult to Infant Head Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Zahran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1105, GRAMFC, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, 80000 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3145-2133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Mahmoudzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1105, GRAMFC, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, 80000 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Wallois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1105, GRAMFC, Universit\u00e9 de Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Sud, 80000 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nacim","family":"Betrouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1172, CHU de Lille, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Derambure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U1172, CHU de Lille, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Degenerative & Vascular Cognitive Disorders, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Le Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Electronique et de Technologies de l\u2019Information, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France"},{"name":"Mag4health, 9 Avenue Paul Verlaine, 38000 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7312-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Palacios-Laloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Electronique et de Technologies de l\u2019Information, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8680-7213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Labyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Electronique et de Technologies de l\u2019Information, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France"},{"name":"CEA Tech Hauts de France, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11604-U","article-title":"Pain-related magnetic fields following painful CO2 laser stimulation in man","volume":"192","author":"Kakigi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci. 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